Ancylostomiasis

Ancylostomiasis, commonly known as hookworm infection, is a parasitic disease caused by hookworms belonging to the genus Ancylostoma. The two primary species responsible for human infection are Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Infection typically occurs when hookworm larvae in the soil penetrate the skin, usually on the feet. These larvae then travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, enter the airways, are coughed up, and swallowed, eventually maturing into adult worms in the small intestine.

Once in the intestine, the adult hookworms attach to the intestinal wall and feed on blood. The most common symptom of ancylostomiasis is iron deficiency anemia, resulting from chronic blood loss. Other symptoms can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weakness, and fatigue. In children, hookworm infection can lead to impaired physical and cognitive development. Diagnosis is usually made by identifying hookworm eggs in a stool sample. Treatment involves antiparasitic medications, and addressing anemia with iron supplementation is crucial. Prevention strategies focus on improving sanitation, avoiding contact with contaminated soil, and wearing protective footwear.