Anche

Anche is a common Italian adverb and conjunction meaning also, too, or even. It is used to add information, indicate inclusion, or emphasize that another element shares a quality or action with the one just mentioned.

As an adverb, anche usually precedes the word or phrase it modifies. For example, in sentences like "Anche lui è venuto" or "Anche questa volta è riuscito," it signals that another person or thing is doing or being involved. When the following word begins with a vowel, the form is often elided, as in anch’io, anch’esso, anch’essa, anch’unta. Anche can modify pronouns, nouns, adjectives, or entire clauses, depending on the context.

Anche appears in several common constructions. One of the most frequent is non solo... ma anche, which translates to not only... but also, used to connect two parallel elements: "Non solo ha vinto, ma anche stabilito un record." It can also combine with the clause-initial conjunctions "anche se" meaning even if or although: "Andrà alla riunione, anche se è stanco."

In terms of syntax, anche is invariable and generally placed directly before the word or phrase it modifies. It can appear with negative contexts, intensifying inclusion or contrast, and it is widely used in both formal and informal Italian.

See also: neanche, nemmeno, and the use of anche with other conjunctions to extend statements or create emphasis.