Analoogmõõtjad

Analoogmõõtjad, also known as analog measuring instruments, are devices that indicate the measured quantity by the continuous variation of a physical quantity. Unlike digital instruments, which display a numerical value, analog instruments typically use a pointer or needle that moves across a calibrated scale. This movement is directly proportional to the magnitude of the quantity being measured.

The core principle behind most analog meters is the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents or voltages. Common types include ammeters, voltmeters, and ohmmeters. For instance, an analog ammeter often employs a d'Arsonval movement, where a coil is placed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic torque that causes the coil and the attached pointer to rotate. The deflection of the pointer on the scale indicates the amount of current. Similarly, voltmeters and ohmmeters utilize variations of this principle, often incorporating resistors to convert voltage or resistance measurements into a form that can drive the meter's movement.

While digital instruments have become prevalent due to their precision and ease of reading, analog meters still hold value in certain applications. They can be useful for observing trends and detecting rapid changes in a signal, as the continuous movement of the needle provides a visual representation of variation that a digital display might not immediately convey. They are also often favored for their simplicity, robustness, and lack of reliance on complex electronic components, making them less susceptible to power surges or certain environmental factors. However, their readability can be limited by parallax error and the precision of the scale.