Ammooniumi

Ammooniumi is the Finnish word for ammonium. Ammonium is a polyatomic cation with the chemical formula NH4+. It is formed when ammonia (NH3) accepts a proton (H+). Ammonium is a weakly basic ion. In aqueous solution, it is in equilibrium with ammonia and a proton. This equilibrium is an important part of the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems, where ammonium can be converted to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria.

Ammonium compounds are widely used in various industries. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a common fertilizer and a component of explosives. Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is also used as a fertilizer. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) finds applications in galvanizing, soldering fluxes, and as an expectorant. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), also known as aqueous ammonia, is used as a cleaning agent and in various chemical processes.

The presence of ammonium in water can be an indicator of pollution, often from agricultural runoff or sewage. High levels of ammonium can be toxic to aquatic life. In environmental chemistry, ammonium is monitored as a key nutrient and pollutant. The detection and quantification of ammonium are important for water quality assessments and environmental management.