Ammoniumkloridet

Ammonium chloride, also known as sal ammoniac, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH₄Cl. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a pungent odor. The substance was historically obtained from the evaporation of the waters of the Dead Sea and other salt lakes, where it was found in combination with sodium chloride. Today, it is primarily produced industrially through the reaction of ammonia and hydrogen chloride.

Ammonium chloride is commonly used in various applications, including as a flux in soldering metals, a component in fertilizers, and a key ingredient in some household cleaning products. In the laboratory, it serves as a source of chloride ions and is used in the preparation of buffer solutions. It also plays a role in the production of other chemicals, such as ammonium salts and certain pharmaceuticals.

The compound has a relatively low toxicity, but it can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon inhalation or direct contact. Ingestion of large amounts may cause gastrointestinal distress. Ammonium chloride is generally considered safe when used in moderation, but proper handling and ventilation are recommended to minimize exposure risks.

In addition to its industrial and practical uses, ammonium chloride has historical significance. It was mentioned in ancient texts, including those of the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder, who described its occurrence in volcanic regions. Over time, its properties and applications have been studied extensively, contributing to advancements in chemistry and materials science.