Amidiryhmä

Amidiryhmä refers to the amide functional group in organic chemistry. It is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) directly bonded to a nitrogen atom (N). The general formula for an amide is R-CO-NR'R'', where R, R', and R'' represent hydrogen atoms or organic substituents. Amides are a crucial class of organic compounds and are found in many biological molecules, most notably in peptides and proteins, where they form the peptide bond that links amino acids together. The properties of amides vary depending on the substituents attached to the nitrogen atom and the carbonyl group. Primary amides have two hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen, secondary amides have one hydrogen and one organic substituent, and tertiary amides have two organic substituents on the nitrogen. Amides are typically less reactive than carboxylic acids or esters due to resonance stabilization between the nitrogen lone pair and the carbonyl pi system. They are often soluble in water, especially those with shorter alkyl chains, due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds.