AmericanIrish

American Irish refers to people in the United States who are of Irish descent, as well as the cultural and social practices linked to this heritage. The term covers a diverse population whose roots lie in migration from Ireland and subsequent generations in North America.

Irish immigration began in colonial times but accelerated during the Great Famine of 1845–1852, when large numbers settled in urban areas along the East and Midwest. Irish Americans faced discrimination and nativist hostility, yet built durable communities and networks, including parishes, schools, and mutual aid societies. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Irish Americans became influential in urban politics, labor movements, and education.

Culture and religion have played central roles. A majority identified as Catholic for much of the 19th and 20th centuries, shaping schools and charities. Irish language and music have contributed to American arts, with St. Patrick’s Day celebrations and Irish-American media reflecting ongoing heritage. Cultural organizations and performing arts groups also preserve traditional songs, dances, and folklore.

Geographically, Irish Americans have concentrated in the Northeast and Midwest, with large populations in New York City, Boston, Chicago, and Philadelphia, among others. They have made lasting contributions to politics, sports, literature, and academia.

In contemporary America, Irish American identity is diverse and fluid, encompassing second- and third-generation Americans as well as recent immigrants. Notable Irish American figures include presidents John F. Kennedy and Joe Biden, writers, and entertainers who trace their roots to Ireland.