Altaian

Altaian refers to the indigenous Turkic people who inhabit the Altai Mountains, a rugged mountain range in Southern Siberia. They are traditionally divided into two main groups: the Southern Altaians and the Northern Altaians, each with distinct linguistic and cultural characteristics. The Altaians have a rich history deeply intertwined with the nomadic cultures of Central Asia. Historically, they were known for their pastoralism, relying on herding cattle, sheep, and horses. Their traditional beliefs are animistic, with a strong reverence for nature, spirits, and ancestors. Shamanism played a significant role in their spiritual and social life for centuries.

The Altaian language belongs to the Turkic language family, with dialects varying between the Southern and Northern groups. While historically an oral language, it has a written form developed in the Soviet era. The culture of the Altaians is characterized by unique traditions in music, particularly throat singing (kai), epic poetry, and intricate decorative arts. Their social structure was traditionally clan-based. In the modern era, the Altaian people face challenges related to cultural preservation, economic development, and environmental protection in their mountainous homeland.