Aloesin

Aloesin is a natural phenolic compound isolated from Aloe species, notably Aloe vera. It is classified as a glycosylated chromone derivative and is part of a family of Aloe-derived phenolics that have been studied for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. In Aloe vera, aloesin is present in the leaf gel and contributes to the plant's chemical profile.

Chemistry and activity: Aloesin is a chromone glycoside that exhibits antioxidant activity in various assays. It has been reported to inhibit tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, which underlies interest in aloesin as a skin-lightening agent. The tyrosinase-inhibitory potency is generally weaker than some synthetic inhibitors but is of interest due to a potential safety and tolerability profile.

Extraction and synthesis: Chemical isolation from Aloe leaves is achieved by solvent extraction and chromatographic purification. It can be obtained synthetically or via biotechnological methods, with purity validated by standard analytical techniques.

Applications: In cosmetics, aloesin is used for brightening skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It has been evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models and is sometimes combined with other sunscreen or antioxidant ingredients in formulations.

Safety and regulation: Aloesin-containing products are subject to cosmetic ingredient regulations that vary by region. Reported adverse effects are rare, but as with other plant-derived phenolics, skin irritation or sensitization can occur in sensitive individuals, and standard safety assessments are recommended.