Allergise

Allergise is a term used to describe the process by which an individual develops an allergy. An allergy is a hypersensitivity disorder of the immune system that can cause reactions in many systems of the body. It is a state of hypersensitivity where the immune system reacts abnormally to a substance that is usually harmless to most people. These substances are called allergens, and they can include pollen, dust mites, certain foods, insect venom, and medications.

The process of allergise typically begins with an initial exposure to an allergen. During this first exposure, the immune system mistakenly identifies the allergen as a threat. In response, it produces specific antibodies, usually of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) class, that are tailored to that particular allergen. These IgE antibodies then attach themselves to certain immune cells, such as mast cells and basophils, which are found throughout the body.

Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the allergen binds to the IgE antibodies on the surface of these mast cells and basophils. This binding triggers the release of various chemicals, most notably histamine. Histamine and other mediators cause the symptoms associated with allergic reactions. These symptoms can range from mild, such as itching, sneezing, and hives, to severe and life-threatening, such as anaphylaxis, which can involve difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. The specific symptoms and their severity depend on the type of allergen, the route of exposure, and the individual's susceptibility. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors can both play a role in determining who allergises to certain substances.