Alkoholiglyseroli

Alkoholiglyseroli, also known as glycerol alcohol or propanetriol, is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. Glycerol is a trihydroxy alcohol, meaning it has three hydroxyl groups attached to its carbon chain. Its chemical formula is C3H8O3.

Glycerol is widely distributed in nature, occurring in animal fats and vegetable oils as triglycerides. It is obtained commercially through the saponification of fats and oils or by the transesterification of triglycerides during biodiesel production. It can also be synthesized from propylene.

Due to its hygroscopic nature, glycerol is an excellent humectant, meaning it attracts and retains moisture. This property makes it a valuable ingredient in many industries. In cosmetics and personal care products, it is used in lotions, soaps, toothpaste, and shampoos for its moisturizing and emollient properties. In the food industry, it serves as a sweetener, solvent, and preservative, and is used in the production of low-fat foods.

Glycerol also has significant industrial applications. It is a key component in the production of nitroglycerin, an explosive and a vasodilator used in medicine. It is also used in the manufacturing of alkyd resins, cellophane, and as a plasticizer. In medicine, it is used as a laxative and to reduce intracranial pressure. Its low toxicity and wide range of applications make it a versatile and important chemical.