Alkiokerros

Alkiokerros is a Finnish term that translates to "alkaline layer" or "alkaline horizon" in English. It refers to a layer within a soil profile that exhibits a pH greater than 7. This characteristic indicates a higher concentration of basic compounds, such as carbonates and bicarbonates, compared to acidic compounds. Alkiokerros can form through various geological and biological processes.

One common way an alkaline layer develops is through the accumulation of calcium carbonate, often derived from the weathering of limestone or other calcareous parent materials. In arid and semi-arid regions, the upward movement of soil water through capillary action can bring dissolved salts, including carbonates, to the surface. As the water evaporates, these salts are deposited, leading to the formation of an alkaline layer. Biological activity can also contribute. For instance, the decomposition of organic matter by certain microorganisms can release alkaline substances. Furthermore, the presence of specific minerals in the soil that have alkaline properties can also create or maintain an alkaline horizon.

The presence of an alkiokerros has significant implications for plant life and soil ecosystems. Plants have specific pH ranges in which they can efficiently absorb nutrients. Soils with alkaline layers may have reduced availability of certain essential micronutrients like iron, manganese, and zinc, as these elements can become insoluble at higher pH levels. This can lead to nutrient deficiencies in plants. Conversely, macronutrients like phosphorus can be more available in alkaline conditions. The microbial community in the soil is also influenced by pH, with certain bacteria and fungi thriving in alkaline environments. Understanding the presence and extent of an alkiokerros is crucial for effective land management, agriculture, and ecological studies.