Aleutians

The Aleutian Islands are a chain of volcanic islands that form part of the U.S. state of Alaska. They extend about 1,200 miles (1,900 kilometers) westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward Russia, separating the Bering Sea to the north from the Pacific Ocean to the south and crossing the 180th meridian. The archipelago comprises more than 300 named islands and numerous islets. The most populous communities are on Unalaska Island (including Dutch Harbor) and Adak Island, though many islands are sparsely inhabited or uninhabited.

Geology and natural setting: The Aleutians lie along the Aleutian Arc, a volcanic belt formed by the ongoing subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the North American Plate at the Aleutian Trench. The islands are volcanically active and seismically active, with notable volcanoes such as Shishaldin on Unimak Island and Semisopochnoi and Akutan on other islands.

Climate and ecology: The climate is cool and maritime, with frequent storms, heavy precipitation, and fog. The region supports extensive seabird colonies, marine mammals, and rich marine life. Much of the archipelago lies within protected areas, including parts of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge system.

Human history and economy: The islands were inhabited for thousands of years by the Unangan (Aleut) people. They were explored by Russians in the 18th century and became part of Russian America before being sold to the United States in 1867. During World War II, Attu and Kiska were occupied by Japan, leading to the Aleutian Campaign. Today the economy is dominated by commercial fishing, transportation, and seasonal tourism, with a continued military presence in some areas.