Aldosteronantagonisták

Aldosteronantagonisták, also known as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), are a class of drugs that block the action of aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Aldosterone plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium and water retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys. By antagonizing aldosterone's effects, these drugs lead to increased sodium and water excretion and potassium retention.

The primary medical uses for aldosteronantagonisták include treating hypertension, heart failure, and primary aldosteronism. In hypertension, they help lower blood pressure by reducing fluid volume and improving vascular function. For patients with heart failure, MRAs have been shown to improve survival rates and reduce hospitalizations by counteracting the detrimental effects of aldosterone on the heart and blood vessels, such as fibrosis and remodeling. They are also a cornerstone in managing primary aldosteronism, a condition characterized by excessive aldosterone production.

Common examples of aldosteronantagonisták include spironolactone and eplerenone. Spironolactone, a non-selective MRA, also exhibits anti-androgenic effects, which can lead to side effects like gynecomastia and menstrual irregularities in some patients. Eplerenone is a more selective MRA, with a lower incidence of these endocrine-related side effects.

The most common side effects associated with aldosteronantagonisták are hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to impaired potassium excretion, and hyponatremia (low sodium levels). Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels, particularly potassium, is essential during treatment. They are generally contraindicated in patients with severe kidney impairment or hyperkalemia.