Albumín

Albumín is a type of globular protein predominantly found in blood plasma and certain bodily tissues. It accounts for approximately 60% of the total serum protein and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic pressure, which is essential for proper fluid distribution between blood vessels and tissues. This function helps prevent edema and ensures the transportation of various molecules within the bloodstream.

Produced primarily by the liver, albumín is synthesized continuously and responds to the body’s nutritional and physiological status. Its structure consists of a single polypeptide chain of about 585 amino acids, with a high degree of stability and solubility. The protein has multiple binding sites, allowing it to transport a wide array of substances, including hormones, fatty acids, bilirubin, and drugs.

Albumín levels in blood are commonly measured through blood tests and serve as an indicator of nutritional status, liver function, and overall health. Abnormal levels may signal conditions such as liver disease, kidney disease (notably nephrotic syndrome), malnutrition, or inflammation. Low serum albumín, known as hypoalbuminemia, can lead to swelling and fluid imbalance, while elevated levels (hyperalbuminemia) are less common and often associated with dehydration.

In addition to its physiological functions, albumín is used in medical treatments, particularly in intravenous therapy to restore or maintain blood volume and protein levels. It also serves as a component in some diagnostic assays and pharmaceutical formulations due to its biocompatibility and capacity to bind various drugs.

Overall, albumín’s significance extends beyond its biological role, impacting clinical diagnosis and therapy, and providing insights into various systemic conditions.