AlCl3llä

AlCl₃ (aluminum chloride) is a chemical compound composed of aluminum and chlorine, with the chemical formula AlCl₃. It exists primarily in two forms: a solid and a volatile, sublimable form. The compound is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications due to its strong Lewis acid properties, meaning it can accept electron pairs from other molecules.

AlCl₃ is typically produced industrially through the reaction of aluminum metal with chlorine gas at high temperatures. It is also formed as a byproduct in the production of sodium aluminum fluoride (cryolite), which is used in the Hall-Héroult process for aluminum extraction. The compound appears as a white to off-white crystalline solid that readily absorbs moisture from the air, forming a hydrated form (AlCl₃·6H₂O) known as aluminum chloride hexahydrate.

One of the most notable applications of AlCl₃ is as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in Friedel-Crafts reactions, where it facilitates the substitution of aromatic rings. It is also used in petroleum refining, textile processing, and as a mordant in dyeing fabrics. In laboratory settings, AlCl₃ serves as a dehydrating agent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.

Due to its hygroscopic nature, AlCl₃ must be stored in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption. Prolonged exposure to water can lead to hydrolysis, producing hydrochloric acid and aluminum hydroxide. While AlCl₃ is generally considered non-toxic in solid form, its fumes and dust can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, necessitating proper handling and ventilation in industrial settings.