Akumulátory

Akumulátory, often referred to as batteries, are electrochemical devices that store electrical energy and release it when needed. They consist of one or more electrochemical cells, each comprising a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte that facilitates ion movement between them. The process of storing energy in an accumulator is called charging, where electrical energy is converted into chemical energy. When discharging, the chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy.

Different types of accumulators exist, each with its own characteristics and applications. Common examples include lead-acid accumulators, widely used in vehicles due to their robustness and cost-effectiveness. Lithium-ion accumulators are prevalent in portable electronics like smartphones and laptops, offering high energy density and long cycle life. Nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride accumulators are also used in various electronic devices.

The performance of an accumulator is measured by its capacity, voltage, and energy density. Capacity, typically measured in ampere-hours (Ah), indicates the amount of charge it can deliver over time. Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference across the terminals. Energy density, often expressed in watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) or watt-hours per liter (Wh/L), represents the amount of energy stored per unit of mass or volume, respectively.

Proper maintenance and handling are crucial for prolonging the lifespan and ensuring the safe operation of accumulators. Factors like temperature, charging habits, and depth of discharge can significantly impact their performance and longevity. As technology advances, newer accumulator chemistries and designs continue to emerge, aiming for improved efficiency, safety, and sustainability.