Aivopunktiota

Aivopunktio, also known as cerebral puncture or spinal tap, is a medical procedure where a needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, typically in the lower back, to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This fluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord, acting as a cushion and transporting nutrients.

The primary purpose of aivopunktio is diagnostic. Analysis of the collected CSF can help identify various neurological conditions, infections like meningitis or encephalitis, and certain types of cancer affecting the central nervous system. It can also be used to measure CSF pressure, which can be elevated in conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension or hydrocephalus.

Therapeutic uses for aivopunktio are also common. It can be employed to relieve elevated intracranial pressure by withdrawing excess CSF. Additionally, medications such as chemotherapy drugs or anesthetics can be administered directly into the subarachnoid space through the needle.

The procedure is generally considered safe when performed by trained medical professionals. Potential risks, though uncommon, include headache (spinal headache), bleeding, infection, and, very rarely, nerve damage. Patients are typically advised to lie flat for a period after the procedure to help minimize the risk of spinal headache. The collection of CSF is a relatively quick process, often taking only a few minutes.