Aitolians

The Aitolians were an ancient Greek people inhabiting the region of Aetolia in central Greece. This area, located north of the Gulf of Corinth, was known for its rugged terrain and mountainous landscape. Historically, the Aitolians were often described by other Greeks as somewhat uncivilized, a perception likely stemming from their somewhat isolated and less urbanized lifestyle compared to the more prominent city-states. Despite this reputation, they were known for their martial prowess and were skilled warriors, often serving as mercenaries.

The Aitolian League emerged as a significant political entity in the Hellenistic period, acting as a confederation of Aetolian towns and tribes. This league played a notable role in the affairs of ancient Greece, often allying with or against major powers like Macedon and Rome. Their military strength allowed them to exert considerable influence for a time. Key centers within Aetolia included Thermos, which served as the religious and political center of the Aitolian League. The Aitolians eventually became subjects of the Roman Republic, their league being dissolved following Roman conquests.