Aimaks

Aimaks are the primary administrative subdivisions of Mongolia. The country is divided into 21 aimaks, along with the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, which is a separately administered municipality. Each aimak is further divided into smaller units called soums. These soums are the local governance units responsible for a specific geographic area and its population.

The system of aimaks was established during the socialist period of Mongolia, with borders often drawn based on geographical features and historical nomadic routes. While the administrative structure has remained largely consistent, the functions and responsibilities of aimak governments have evolved. They are responsible for local development, infrastructure, education, healthcare, and environmental management within their respective territories.

The aimaks vary significantly in size, population, and economic activity. Some aimaks, particularly in the north and west, are vast and sparsely populated, with economies heavily reliant on livestock herding. Others, especially those closer to the capital or with mineral resources, may have more diversified economies and higher population densities. Understanding the aimak system is crucial for comprehending Mongolia's political geography and its regional development challenges and opportunities. The administration at the aimak level plays a vital role in implementing national policies and addressing local needs across the diverse landscapes of Mongolia.