AharonovBohmInterferenz

The Aharonov-Bohm effect, also known as the Aharonov-Bohm interference, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that demonstrates the influence of a vector potential on the phase of a charged particle, even in regions where the magnetic field is zero. This effect was first predicted by Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm in 1959 and experimentally confirmed in 1986 by Chambers.

In the Aharonov-Bohm setup, a charged particle is sent through a double-slit apparatus, with a solenoid placed in one of the slits. The solenoid generates a magnetic field only within its interior, but a vector potential exists in the surrounding region. The particle's wave function is affected by this vector potential, leading to a phase difference between the two paths. This phase difference results in an interference pattern on a detection screen, even when the magnetic field is turned off.

The Aharonov-Bohm effect has significant implications for our understanding of quantum mechanics. It highlights the non-local nature of quantum mechanics, where the state of a particle can be influenced by factors at a distance. Additionally, it demonstrates the importance of the vector potential in quantum mechanics, which is often overlooked in classical electromagnetism.

The Aharonov-Bohm effect has been the subject of numerous theoretical and experimental studies, and it continues to be an active area of research in quantum mechanics. It has also inspired the development of new quantum technologies, such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography.