Agaru

Agaru, also known as agarwood or oud, is a fragrant resinous wood formed in the heartwood of Aquilaria trees when they become infected by a specific type of mold. This infection triggers a defense mechanism in the tree, causing it to produce a dark, aromatic resin. The resulting material is highly prized for its complex and distinctive scent, often described as balsamic, woody, smoky, and animalic.

The cultivation and harvesting of agaru are complex processes. Naturally occurring agarwood is rare and commands extremely high prices due to the difficulty in finding infected trees and the lengthy time it takes for the resin to develop. In response to the scarcity and demand, plantations have been established for controlled inoculation of Aquilaria trees to produce agarwood. Harvesting involves carefully extracting the resin-infused wood.

Agaru has a long history of use, particularly in the Middle East, India, and Southeast Asia, where it has been used for incense, perfumes, and traditional medicine for centuries. Its scent is considered sacred in some cultures and is often burned during religious ceremonies and special occasions. The essential oil extracted from agarwood is a key ingredient in many high-end perfumes, contributing a rich and long-lasting aroma. Due to its rarity and desirability, agaru is one of the most expensive natural commodities in the world.