Adsorboitua

Adsorboitua is a term used to describe the adsorption process in chemistry and environmental science. It refers to the accumulation of atoms, ions, or molecules (adsorbates) from a gas, liquid, or dissolved phase onto the surface of a solid (adsorbent), forming an interfacial film. The adsorbent provides active sites that attract and hold the adsorbate, with the extent of adsorption influenced by surface area, porosity, temperature, pressure, and the chemical nature of the interacting species.

Adsorption occurs mainly through two mechanisms: physisorption, which involves weak van der Waals forces and is typically reversible, and chemisorption, which involves stronger chemical bonds and can be irreversible or partially reversible. The choice between these mechanisms depends on the adsorbate, the adsorbent, and the operating conditions. Adsorption is often described using isotherms that relate the amount adsorbed to the adsorbate pressure or concentration at a constant temperature. Common models include Langmuir (monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface), Freundlich (heterogeneous surfaces), and BET (multilayer adsorption on porous solids).

Common adsorbents include activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks, as well as various graphene- and polymer-based materials. Adsorption has wide applications in water and air purification, gas separation and capture (notably CO2), catalysis support, chromatography, and sensor technologies. Measurement and analysis typically involve gravimetric or volumetric methods, surface-area determination by BET, and pore-size distribution assessments derived from adsorption data.

See also: adsorption, adsorbent, sorption isotherms, Langmuir model, Freundlich model, BET, zeolite.