Adsorben

Adsorben, or adsorbent in English, is a material capable of attracting and holding molecules on its surface or within its porous structure through adsorption. The key feature of an adsorben is a large effective surface area and a tailored pore architecture that enables selective binding of molecules from a gas or liquid phase. Adsorption can occur by physical forces (physisorption) or chemical bonds (chemisorption); physisorption is usually reversible at moderate temperatures, while chemisorption can involve stronger bonds.

Common adsorbents include activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, and alumina, as well as more specialized materials such as metal-organic frameworks and certain polymers. The performance of an adsorben is governed by properties such as specific surface area, pore size distribution, surface chemistry, and thermal or mechanical stability. The choice of adsorben depends on the target contaminant, operating conditions, and required regeneration method.

Applications of adsorption processes are widespread. They include water and air purification, drying of gas streams, solvent recovery, and catalytic or chromatographic separations. Regeneration of the adsorben is often necessary to restore capacity and can be achieved by desorption through heating, pressure swing, or solvent washing. Adsorption is frequently modeled with isotherms such as Langmuir or Freundlich to describe how capacity varies with concentration.

In summary, an adsorben is a foundational material in separation and purification technologies, selected for its surface area, porosity, and chemical characteristics to capture specific molecules from fluids.