Acélgyártásból

Acélgyártásból refers to the process of steel production or manufacturing. It encompasses the various methods and technologies used to transform iron ore and other raw materials into steel, an alloy primarily composed of iron and carbon. The fundamental principle behind steelmaking involves reducing iron oxides to metallic iron and then controlling the carbon content and adding other alloying elements to achieve desired properties.

Historically, steel production evolved through several stages. Early methods like the finery process and the crucible steel process were labor-intensive and produced relatively small quantities of steel. The advent of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century revolutionized steelmaking by enabling mass production through the oxidation of impurities in molten pig iron using a blast of air. This was later superseded by the open-hearth process, which offered better control over the quality of the steel produced.

Modern steel manufacturing predominantly relies on two main routes: the integrated mill route and the electric arc furnace (EAF) route. Integrated mills start with raw materials like iron ore, coke, and limestone, processing them through blast furnaces to produce pig iron, which is then refined into steel in converters (like the basic oxygen furnace). The EAF route, on the other hand, primarily uses scrap steel as its raw material, melting and refining it in an electric arc furnace. Both methods involve further refining steps, casting of molten steel into semi-finished shapes, and subsequent shaping and finishing processes to produce a wide range of steel products for various applications.