Absorbtsioonjahutust

Absorptsioonjahutust, also known as absorption refrigeration, is a process that uses a heat source to generate cooling. Unlike conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems that rely on mechanical compressors, absorption systems utilize a thermal compressor, often driven by heat from sources such as natural gas, steam, or solar energy. This makes them an attractive option for applications where waste heat is available or where electricity is expensive or unreliable.

The core of an absorption refrigeration cycle involves two key fluids: a refrigerant and an absorbent. Common pairs include lithium bromide and water, or ammonia and water. The cycle begins with the refrigerant being absorbed into the absorbent solution. This mixture is then heated, causing the refrigerant to vaporize. The refrigerant vapor then travels to a condenser, where it releases heat and condenses into a liquid. This liquid refrigerant then flows through an evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the space to be cooled, causing it to evaporate and return to its gaseous state. Finally, the refrigerant vapor re-enters the absorber, completing the cycle.

The primary advantage of absorption refrigeration is its ability to utilize waste heat or alternative energy sources, reducing reliance on electricity and potentially lowering operating costs. They are also generally quieter and have fewer moving parts than compression systems, leading to lower maintenance requirements. However, absorption systems typically have a lower coefficient of performance (COP) compared to vapor-compression systems, meaning they require more energy input for a given amount of cooling. They also tend to be larger and more complex in design. Absorbsioonjahutust finds applications in industrial processes, large buildings, and areas with abundant waste heat or solar potential.