Abitegusõnad

Abitegusõnad are auxiliary verbs in the Estonian language. They are words that, when combined with a main verb, modify its meaning or grammatical function. These verbs do not typically stand alone to convey a complete thought; instead, they assist the principal verb. The most common abitegusõnad in Estonian include 'olema' (to be), 'saama' (to get/become/be able to), and 'pidama' (to have to/must).

The verb 'olema' is frequently used to form passive voice constructions and is also essential for expressing existence or states of being. For instance, in the sentence "Raamat on loetud" (The book is read), 'on' (the third-person singular present tense of 'olema') functions as an auxiliary verb to form the passive.

'Saama' serves multiple auxiliary roles. It can indicate possibility or ability, as in "Ma saan ujuda" (I can swim). It also helps in forming future tense constructions, often translated as "will," such as "Ma saan seda tegema" (I will do it). Furthermore, 'saama' can be used to express the beginning of an action or a change of state.

'Pidama' primarily functions as an auxiliary verb to express obligation or necessity, equivalent to "must" or "have to" in English. An example would be "Sa pead õppima" (You must study). In certain contexts, it can also imply a prediction or assumption. Understanding abitegusõnad is crucial for mastering Estonian grammar, as they are integral to forming various tenses, moods, and voices.