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The ATX standard, also known as Advanced Technology Extended, is a specification for personal computer power supplies. Developed by Intel in 1995, it was designed to replace the older AT and Baby-AT power supply standards. The ATX standard introduced several key features that improved upon its predecessors, including a standardized form factor, improved cooling, and better power management.

The ATX form factor is a rectangular box with dimensions of 150 mm by 86.4 mm, which is larger than the Baby-AT form factor. This larger size allows for better airflow and cooling, which is crucial for modern CPUs that generate more heat. The ATX standard also includes a 20-pin main power connector and a 4-pin or 8-pin CPU power connector, which provide the necessary power to the motherboard and CPU.

One of the most significant improvements of the ATX standard is its power management capabilities. The ATX power supply includes a power switch and a standby power supply, which allows the computer to remain in a low-power state when not in use. This feature helps to reduce energy consumption and prolong the lifespan of the power supply.

The ATX standard has been widely adopted by the computer industry and has become the de facto standard for personal computer power supplies. It has also been revised and updated over the years to accommodate the evolving needs of modern computing. The latest revision, ATX12V 2.4, was released in 2013 and includes support for higher power requirements and improved efficiency.

In summary, the ATX standard is a crucial specification for personal computer power supplies, offering improved cooling, better power management, and a standardized form factor. Its widespread adoption and continuous evolution have made it an essential component of modern computing.