ARCH1

ARCH1, also known as ARHGEF10, is a human gene that encodes a protein belonging to the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) family. Rho GEFs are a diverse group of proteins that play a crucial role in regulating the activity of Rho GTPases, a subfamily of small GTP-binding proteins that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes. These processes include cell shape, motility, adhesion, and proliferation.

The ARCH1 protein specifically interacts with and activates RhoA GTPase. By catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP on RhoA, ARCH1 promotes the transition of RhoA into its active, GTP-bound state. This activation then triggers downstream signaling pathways that influence the actin cytoskeleton.

Research has indicated that ARCH1 is expressed in various tissues, with particular prominence in the nervous system. Its involvement in neuronal development and function is an area of ongoing investigation. Dysregulation of ARCH1 has been implicated in certain neurological conditions, suggesting its importance in maintaining proper brain health. Further studies are being conducted to fully elucidate the complex roles of ARCH1 in both normal cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis.