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ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are two classes of medications commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and heart failure. They work through different mechanisms to lower blood pressure and improve heart function.

ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, work by blocking the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By reducing the levels of angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors dilate blood vessels, decrease blood pressure, and improve blood flow. They are also renin inhibitors, which reduces the production of angiotensin II. Commonly prescribed ACE inhibitors include lisinopril, enalapril, and ramipril.

ARBs, on the other hand, block the angiotensin II receptors in the blood vessels, preventing angiotensin II from constricting the blood vessels. This also leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and improved blood flow. ARBs do not affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the same way as ACE inhibitors, which can make them a suitable alternative for patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects like cough or angioedema.

Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs are effective in managing hypertension and heart failure, and their choice often depends on individual patient factors, including the presence of comorbidities, side effect profiles, and treatment goals. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate medication for each patient.