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ACE inhibitors and ARBs are two classes of medications commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions. While they work through different mechanisms, they both ultimately aim to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.

ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, block the action of an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This system regulates blood pressure. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the production of angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which leads to the relaxation of blood vessels and a decrease in blood pressure. They also have a beneficial effect on the kidneys and can help prevent diabetic nephropathy.

ARBs, or angiotensin II receptor blockers, work by directly blocking the effects of angiotensin II at its receptors. Instead of preventing the production of angiotensin II, ARBs prevent it from binding to its target sites in blood vessels and other tissues. This also results in vasodilation and lower blood pressure. ARBs are often prescribed when patients cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effects, such as a dry cough, which is a common adverse reaction to ACE inhibitors.

Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs are considered first-line treatments for hypertension and are also used in managing conditions like heart failure and after a heart attack. Their effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient outcomes has been well-established through numerous clinical trials. It is important for patients to take these medications as prescribed by their healthcare provider and to report any side effects or concerns.