ACER3

ACER3, or alkaline ceramidase 3, is a human gene that encodes an enzyme of the alkaline ceramidase family. This family catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramides to sphingosine and free fatty acids, a key step in sphingolipid metabolism. ACER3 is expressed in multiple tissues and is evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates.

The ACER3 enzyme participates in regulating cellular levels of ceramides and sphingosine, which are bioactive lipids involved in signaling pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Like other alkaline ceramidases, ACER3 is presumed to be a membrane-bound protein with activity at alkaline pH, acting on various ceramide substrates.

Subcellular localization is associated with intracellular membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with some evidence for lysosomal involvement in specific cell types. The activity and expression of ACER3 can be modulated by cellular conditions, contributing to dynamic remodeling of sphingolipid metabolism in response to stress or signaling cues.

Genetic and biochemical studies investigate ACER3 for potential roles in human disease, including disorders linked to impaired sphingolipid homeostasis, neurodegeneration, and cancer, though direct causal relationships remain under study. The gene has orthologs in model organisms, which are used to study its physiological functions and regulation. ACER3 is studied alongside ACER1 and ACER2 as part of the family of alkaline ceramidases.