ABOveriryhmäjärjestelmässä

ABOveriryhmäjärjestelmässä refers to the ABO blood group system, a classification of human blood based on the inherited properties of red blood cells, determined by the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This system is the most important of the human blood group systems.

The ABO system categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood has A antigens, Type B blood has B antigens, Type AB blood has both A and B antigens, and Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. Correspondingly, the plasma of individuals with Type A blood contains anti-B antibodies, Type B has anti-A antibodies, Type AB has neither antibody, and Type O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

This classification is crucial for blood transfusions. Individuals can generally only receive blood transfusions from compatible blood types. For example, a person with Type A blood can receive Type A or Type O blood. Type AB individuals are known as universal recipients because they can receive blood from any ABO type, while Type O individuals are universal donors, able to donate to any ABO type.

The ABO blood group system is inherited, with specific alleles determining an individual's blood type. The presence of these antigens and antibodies influences compatibility not only in transfusions but also in organ transplantation and during pregnancy, where maternal and fetal blood types can interact. Accurate determination of ABO blood type is a standard medical procedure.