9×109

The 9×109 is a Soviet cartridge developed in the late 1940s for submachine guns. It was intended to replace the older 7.62×25mm Tokarev cartridge, offering improved stopping power and penetration against body armor. The cartridge features a 9mm diameter bullet with a case length of 109mm.

The development of the 9×109 was influenced by the performance of German 9×19mm Parabellum ammunition during World War II, which demonstrated superior effectiveness. The Soviet Union sought to create a similar round that could be manufactured using their existing industrial capabilities.

The primary firearm chambered for the 9×109 was the PP-19 Bizon submachine gun, designed by Viktor Kalashnikov. The Bizon's helical magazine allowed for a high ammunition capacity, making the 9×109 a suitable cartridge for this platform. However, the 9×109 did not achieve widespread adoption and was eventually overshadowed by the more common 9×18mm Makarov and 9×19mm Parabellum cartridges. While the 9×109 offered potential advantages, its limited use in a few specific weapons meant it never became a standard issue cartridge for the Soviet or Russian military.