4opt

4opt is a local search optimization algorithm used primarily in the field of combinatorial optimization, particularly for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and other routing problems. The algorithm is an extension of the 2opt algorithm, which is known for its simplicity and effectiveness in improving tour routes. The 4opt algorithm works by iteratively selecting four edges in a tour and attempting to replace them with four new edges that form a shorter tour. This process is repeated until no further improvements can be made. The algorithm is particularly useful for large-scale problems where the number of cities or nodes is significant. It is important to note that while 4opt can find better solutions than 2opt, it is also more computationally intensive. The algorithm's effectiveness can be enhanced by combining it with other optimization techniques, such as simulated annealing or genetic algorithms. Despite its higher computational cost, 4opt remains a valuable tool in the optimization toolkit due to its ability to significantly improve solution quality in practical applications.