3Nitrotoluene

3-Nitrotoluene, also known as m-nitrotoluene, is an aromatic nitro compound consisting of a benzene ring bearing a methyl group and a nitro group in meta relationship. Its chemical formula is C7H7NO2 and its structure places the nitro substituent at the 3-position relative to the methyl group. It is one of three isomeric nitrotoluenes that can be produced by nitration of toluene.

In industry, 3-nitrotoluene is typically obtained as part of the nitration products of toluene using mixed acid (sulfuric and nitric acids). The nitration of toluene yields a mixture of o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluenes, which are separated and refined to obtain the desired isomer, including the meta isomer. It is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, particularly in the production of dyes, pigments, and certain pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. It can also serve as a precursor to amines such as m-toluidine after reduction.

Physical properties of 3-nitrotoluene include its typical nitroaromatic character: it is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with limited water solubility and good solubility in organic solvents. It is flammable and can be irritating to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. Like other nitroaromatics, it may pose toxicological and environmental hazards, and handling typically requires appropriate containment and personal protective equipment. Regulation and handling guidelines apply due to its role as a reactive industrial intermediate and its potential health and environmental impacts.