2mikroglobulinamyloid

2-Microglobulin Amyloidosis (2M amyloidosis) is a rare condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins, specifically monoclonal 2-microglobulin, in various organs and tissues in the body. This condition typically affects individuals who undergo long-term hemodialysis for kidney failure, often as a result of secondary amyloidosis.

The primary cause of 2M amyloidosis is the retention of free vaccination-derived virus particles (parvovirus B19) in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis, which over the years gradually leads to amyloid fibril deposition in susceptible individuals. The production of free monoclonal 2-microglobulin by B lymphocytes appears to be a critical event in the amyloidogenesis process, as these proteins tend to aggregate and deposit in tissues.

Symptoms and signs of 2M amyloidosis can be varied and may include muscle weakness, gait disturbance, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting amyloid deposition in 2M amyloidosis patients. A positive bone scan is often observed, especially in osseous tissues. For diagnosis, a biopsy of affected tissue or bone marrow is typically required to confirm the presence of amyloid deposits through specific biochemical and immunological assays.

Treatment strategies for 2M amyloidosis depend primarily on addressing the underlying cause, which involves discontinuing hemodialysis and subsequent renal transplantation. Unfortunately, once amyloid deposits are formed, the condition is irreversible, and the therapeutic approach is focused on managing symptoms and alleviating discomfort. While new therapeutic options and techniques are being explored, the primary aim in managing 2M amyloidosis remains supportive and palliative care.