2ethene

2ethene is not a standard chemical name. The substance most commonly referred to is ethene (also known as ethylene), with the formula C2H4. Ethene is the simplest member of the alkenes and contains a carbon–carbon double bond.

Structure and properties

Ethene consists of two carbon atoms connected by a double bond, with each carbon also bonded to two hydrogen atoms. The carbons are sp2-hybridized, giving a planar molecule with approximately 120-degree bond angles. The C=C bond length is about 1.339 Å. Ethene is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure, with a boiling point of −103.7 °C and a melting point around −169.2 °C. It is highly flammable and participates readily in addition reactions across the double bond.

Production and occurrence

Industrially, ethene is mainly produced by steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks such as ethane, propane, or naphtha. It is a foundational feedstock for the chemical industry, forming the basis for many polymers and chemicals. Ethene also occurs in small amounts in nature as a plant hormone that influences fruit ripening and various growth processes.

Reactions and uses

Ethene readily undergoes electrophilic addition across its double bond, enabling hydrogenation to ethane, halogenation to dihalides, and hydrohalogenation to alkyl halides. It can undergo polymerization to form polyethylene, one of the most widely produced plastics. Ethene is also converted to other products, such as ethylene oxide (used to make polyether polyols and ethylene glycols) and various vinyl derivatives.

Safety

Ethene is flammable and can act as an asphyxiant in poorly ventilated areas. It is stored and transported as a compressed gas with appropriate handling and leak-detection measures to minimize fire and health hazards.