2Nitro5chlorophenol

2-Nitro-5-chlorophenol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4ClNO3. It is a derivative of phenol where a nitro group and a chlorine atom are substituted onto the benzene ring. Specifically, the nitro group is located at the ortho position (position 2) relative to the hydroxyl group, and the chlorine atom is at the meta position (position 5).

This compound typically appears as a yellow crystalline solid. Its physical properties, such as melting point and solubility, are influenced by the presence of both the polar nitro and hydroxyl groups, as well as the electronegative chlorine atom. It is generally soluble in organic solvents and has limited solubility in water.

2-Nitro-5-chlorophenol can be synthesized through various chemical reactions, often involving the nitration and chlorination of phenol or related precursors. The specific reaction conditions, such as the choice of reagents and temperature, are crucial for controlling the position of substitution on the aromatic ring.

The compound may find applications as an intermediate in the synthesis of other organic chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Its reactivity is influenced by the electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro and chlorine substituents, which affect the acidity of the phenolic hydroxyl group and the susceptibility of the aromatic ring to further electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution. As with many nitroaromatic compounds, safety precautions should be observed during handling due to potential toxicity or reactivity.