2Methylpropan1ol

2-methylpropan-1-ol, commonly known as isobutanol or isobutyl alcohol, is an aliphatic primary alcohol with the molecular formula C4H10O. Its IUPAC name is 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and its structure can be described as HO-CH2-CH(CH3)2. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor.

Isobutanol has a boiling point of about 108 °C and tends to be soluble in water to a limited extent while remaining miscible with many organic solvents. Like other short-chain alcohols, it can serve as a versatile solvent and chemical intermediate, lending its properties to a range of applications where moderate polarity and solvent strength are advantageous.

Industrial production of isobutanol occurs primarily via the oxo (hydroformylation) process, in which propylene is converted to isobutyraldehyde and subsequently hydrogenated to the alcohol. It can also be produced by biotechnological means through fermentation, using microorganisms engineered to optimize isobutanol yield, which is of interest for renewable and bio-based solvent and fuel applications.

Major uses include as a solvent for paints, coatings, inks, cleaners, and cosmetics. It also serves as a feedstock for the synthesis of esters such as isobutyl esters (for plasticizers and coatings) and as a building block for various chemical products, including potential biofuel blends. Its relatively favorable balance of volatility, solvency, and reactivity makes it a common intermediate in both traditional and greener chemical manufacturing.

Safety and handling follow standard precautions for flammable liquids. Isobutanol can irritate the eyes and skin and may cause dizziness if inhaled; it should be stored away from heat and incompatible oxidizers with adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment.