isobutyraldehyde

Isobutyraldehyde, also known as 2-methylpropanal, is an organic aldehyde with the molecular formula C4H8O. It is a colorless, volatile liquid at room temperature with a sharp odor. It is used as an industrial chemical intermediate and as a building block in organic synthesis.

Chemical structure and properties: The molecule features a formyl group (-CHO) attached to a branched four-carbon skeleton, giving the structural formula CH3-CH(CH3)-CHO. Its molecular weight is about 72.11 g/mol. It has limited water solubility and higher solubility in many organic solvents. The compound is flammable and typically stored under appropriate precautions to avoid heat and ignition sources.

Production and reactions: Isobutyraldehyde is mainly produced by hydroformylation (the oxo process) of isobutene (2-methylpropene) using carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It can also be prepared by catalytic oxidation of isobutanol. Like other aldehydes, it can undergo oxidation to isobutyric acid, reduction to isobutyl alcohol, and reactions with nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents to form higher-order alcohols. It also participates in acetal formation with diols and in the synthesis of various esters and resins through further transformations.

Applications: It serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of esters, higher alcohols, and acrylate monomers used in polymers and coatings. It is also employed in fragrance and flavor chemistry as a precursor to odor- and taste-related compounds, and as a synthetic building block in pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries.

Safety and handling: Isobutyraldehyde is a flammable liquid and vapor. It can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; therefore it should be handled in well-ventilated areas with appropriate protective equipment and stored away from heat and oxidizers. Environmental release should be minimized as a volatile organic compound.