2Hydroxybenzonitrile

2-Hydroxybenzonitrile, also known as o-cyanophenol, is an organic compound characterized by a benzene ring substituted with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a nitrile group (-CN) positioned ortho to each other. Its molecular formula is C7H4N2O. The compound exhibits both phenolic and nitrile functionalities, which confer distinct chemical properties, making it valuable in various chemical syntheses.

This compound is typically synthesized through the nitration of catechol derivatives or by the hydroxylation of benzene nitrile compounds. It appears as a crystalline solid with a melting point generally around 174-177°C, depending on the purity. Its solubility characteristics include moderate solubility in polar solvents like ethanol and water, as well as better solubility in organic solvents such as acetone and chloroform.

Due to its phenolic and nitrile groups, 2-hydroxybenzonitrile exhibits reactivity suitable for further chemical modifications. It can serve as an intermediate in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. The nitrile group can undergo hydrolysis to produce corresponding amides or acids, while the hydroxyl group allows for esterification and etherification reactions.

In terms of safety, 2-hydroxybenzonitrile should be handled with caution, as it can be toxic if ingested or inhaled and may cause skin or eye irritation. Proper laboratory procedures and safety equipment are recommended when working with this compound.

Overall, 2-hydroxybenzonitrile is a versatile chemical intermediate with applications spanning organic synthesis, material science, and medicinal chemistry, owing to its unique combination of functional groups.

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