2Hydroxyanisole

2-Hydroxyanisole, also known as guaiacol, is an aromatic organic compound with the formula C7H8O2. It consists of a benzene ring bearing a methoxy group (–OCH3) and a hydroxyl group (–OH) in the ortho position. Guaiacol is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinctive smoky, medicinal odor and is relatively soluble in organic solvents while being less miscible with water.

Natural occurrence and production: Guaiacol occurs naturally in wood smoke and certain essential oils. Industrially, it is produced and used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of fragrances, flavors, and other phenolic compounds, and it serves as a precursor in the production of vanillin and related materials.

Chemical properties: As a phenol, guaiacol is a weak acid with a pKa in the high single digits. The ortho relationship between the hydroxyl and methoxy groups influences its reactivity, including potential electrophilic substitutions and methylation reactions that are common in aromatic chemistry.

Applications: Guaiacol is used as a flavoring and fragrance component, particularly in smoky or medicinal notes. It also functions as an intermediate in organic synthesis, notably in routes to vanillin and various catechol-derived compounds.

Safety: Guaiacol is flammable and can cause skin and eye irritation. It should be handled with appropriate precautions in well-ventilated areas, avoiding inhalation and contact with skin and eyes. Packaging and use are regulated to limit exposure and environmental release.