1nitroanthracene

1-Nitroanthracene is an aromatic nitro compound derived from anthracene, in which a nitro group is attached at the 1-position of the three fused rings. Its molecular formula is C14H9NO2 and its molar mass is about 223 g/mol. It is one of several mononitro derivatives of anthracene.

It appears as a pale yellow crystalline solid. It is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in many organic solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, benzene, and ether. It is relatively stable at room temperature but can decompose on strong heating or prolonged exposure to light.

Production generally involves electrophilic nitration of anthracene with a mixed acid system (sulfuric and nitric acids). The 1-position is favored due to higher electron density and resonance stabilization, so the major product is 1-nitroanthracene, with smaller amounts of other nitroisomers formed.

Applications include use as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pigments, and pharmaceutical precursors. Through reduction it can give 1-aminanthracene, and it can undergo further functionalization to form various nitroarene derivatives used in organic synthesis and materials research.

Safety and environmental considerations are important. Nitroaromatic compounds can be toxic and irritants. Handle with appropriate protective equipment in a well-ventilated area, avoid inhalation and skin contact, and dispose of waste according to local regulations. Environmental considerations include persistence and potential toxicity to aquatic life; spills should be contained and cleaned up promptly.