1butén

1-butén, also known as but-1-ene, is a simple organic compound belonging to the class of alkenes. It is a colorless gas with the molecular formula C₄H₈ and consists of four carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds. The double bond is located between the first and second carbon atoms, giving it the "1" designation in its name.

This hydrocarbon is a linear molecule with the structure CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH₃. It is one of the four structural isomers of butene, the others being cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutene (2-methylpropene). Like other alkenes, 1-butene exhibits unsaturation due to the presence of the carbon-carbon double bond, which makes it more reactive than alkanes.

1-butene is primarily produced industrially through the cracking of larger hydrocarbons, such as naphtha or natural gas liquids, in petroleum refineries. It is also a byproduct of ethylene production via steam cracking. The compound is commonly used as a feedstock in the chemical industry for synthesizing various polymers, solvents, and other organic chemicals.

In polymer chemistry, 1-butene is polymerized to produce polybutene, a type of elastomer used in applications such as adhesives, sealants, and rubber products. It can also undergo copolymerization with other monomers like ethylene to create specialized plastics with tailored properties.

Due to its reactivity, 1-butene participates in various chemical reactions, including hydrogenation (conversion to butane), hydration (forming butanol), and halogenation (adding halogens to the double bond). It is also a precursor in the production of butadiene, an important monomer for synthetic rubber.

Safety-wise, 1-butene is flammable and should be handled with care in well-ventilated areas to avoid accumulation of vapors. Proper storage and handling procedures are essential to minimize risks associated with its use.