1Naphthol

1-Naphthol, also known as alpha-naphthol, is an aromatic phenol and one of two isomeric naphthols (naphthalen-1-ol). Its chemical formula is C10H8O, and it consists of a naphthalene ring carrying a single hydroxyl group at the first carbon (the alpha position). It is a pale yellow to white crystalline solid that is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in many organic solvents.

Industrial production of 1-naphthol typically begins with the sulfonation of naphthalene to form alpha-naphthalenesulfonic acid, which is then purified and subjected to caustic fusion and hydrolysis to yield 1-naphthol. This route provides access to 1-naphthol on a large scale; alternative laboratory methods exist but are less common for bulk use.

Chemically, 1-naphthol behaves as a phenol. It forms the sodium phenoxide in basic media and participates in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. A notable application is its use as a building block in the synthesis of azo dyes and other organic pigments; it readily couples with diazonium salts to form a wide range of dyes. It also serves as a precursor in the preparation of various naphthol derivatives and resins used in colorants and specialty chemicals.

Applications and handling: 1-naphthol is primarily employed in dye and pigment manufacture, as well as in organic synthesis as a versatile starting material. It is typically handled under standard safety procedures for phenols: it can be irritating to skin and eyes and should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers.