18741954

18741954 refers to the period spanning the years 1874 to 1954, a century marked by rapid change across politics, technology, and society. This era began in the late Industrial Revolution, with widespread adoption of electric power, rail and steam, and the emergence of mass production. It witnessed transformative inventions in communication and transport, including the telephone, radio, automobile, and airplane, which helped redefine everyday life and global commerce.

Political life was rearranged by imperial expansion, nationalist movements, and two world wars. World War I (1914–1918) altered maps and power structures, while the Russian Revolution of 1917 promoted socialist ideas on a global scale. The interwar years were marked by economic volatility, urbanization, and the rise of new ideologies. The Great Depression of the 1930s tested economies and political systems, accelerating social reforms in some countries and authoritarian movements in others.

World War II (1939–1945) became a defining hinge of the period, leading to widespread destruction, technological acceleration, and the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers. In the postwar era, institutions such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank were established, and global orders began to reorganize. Decolonization movements gained momentum, and the early Cold War shaped international relations through competition and diplomacy. In science and culture, this period saw advances in physics, medicine, and the arts, leaving a lasting legacy on the modern world.