1829

1829 was marked by a number of significant political developments in Europe and the wider world. In the United Kingdom, the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 removed many civil restrictions on Catholics, allowing them to sit in Parliament and hold public offices. The act came after long debates over religious reform and faced opposition from anti-emancipation factions.

Also in 1829, the Metropolitan Police Act established the Metropolitan Police Service for London, creating what is widely regarded as the first modern municipal police force. The reform aimed to improve public order and policing practices and would influence law enforcement in other cities and countries.

Internationally, the Treaty of Adrianople, signed in 1829, ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29. The agreement expanded Russian influence in the Balkans and laid groundwork for the eventual Greek independence, which would be formalized in the following decade.

In the United States, 1829 saw the inauguration of Andrew Jackson as the nation's seventh president on March 4, inaugurating a new era in American politics with shifts in executive power and ongoing debates over federal authority and expansion.

Public health and global health were also affected in 1829, as the second cholera pandemic began in the Indian subcontinent and would spread to other regions in the ensuing years, prompting responses and reforms in affected areas.