Übergangsamplituden

ÜbergangsAmplituden, a German term translating to "transition amplitudes," refers to a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It quantifies the probability that a quantum system will transition from an initial state to a final state under the influence of a perturbation or interaction. These amplitudes are complex numbers whose squared magnitude directly gives the probability of observing the system in the final state after the interaction.

The calculation of ÜbergangsAmplituden is central to understanding a wide range of quantum phenomena, including atomic spectra, scattering processes, and the decay of particles. They are typically determined by evaluating matrix elements of the interaction Hamiltonian between the initial and final states of the system. In many practical scenarios, perturbation theory is employed to approximate these amplitudes when the interaction is weak.

The concept is closely related to concepts like the S-matrix, which encapsulates all possible transitions between initial and final states in a scattering process. Understanding and accurately calculating ÜbergangsAmplituden is crucial for making predictions about the behavior of quantum systems and for interpreting experimental results in fields such as particle physics, condensed matter physics, and quantum chemistry.