Ögonmuskulaturen

Ögonmuskulaturen, also known as the extrinsic eye muscles, refers to the set of muscles responsible for controlling the movement of the eyeball. These muscles work in coordination to allow for precise and rapid eye movements, essential for vision. There are typically six muscles attached to each eyeball: four rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral) and two oblique muscles (superior and inferior).

The rectus muscles are responsible for moving the eye up, down, in, and out. For example, the superior rectus muscle elevates the eye, while the lateral rectus muscle abducts it (moves it outwards). The oblique muscles contribute to rotational movements and also help to move the eye in specific directions, often in conjunction with the rectus muscles. The coordinated action of these muscles allows for smooth pursuit eye movements, saccades (rapid jumps between fixation points), and vergence (moving the eyes inwards or outwards to focus on objects at different distances). Damage or dysfunction of these muscles can lead to strabismus, commonly known as crossed eyes, or other vision impairments. Innervation of these muscles is primarily by cranial nerves III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), and VI (abducens).